Fox-and-Cubs, also known scientifically as Hieracium aurantiacum, is a vibrant perennial wildflower that captivates gardeners and nature enthusiasts alike.
It is a plant with many names. Fox-and-Cubs, Orange Hawkweed, Devil’s Paintbrush and Grim-the-Collier.
I was doing my usual dog walk through the cut meadows I saw the striking orange heads of these flowers that had grown back up so much faster than anything else and even the grasses.
With its striking orange flowers and lush green foliage, this plant not only adds visual appeal to gardens but also plays an essential role in local ecosystems.
It is native to mainland Europe, but was not present here in the UK before the 1700s when introduced as a garden plant. Seeding in the wind has spread out as a wild flower since. As I wandered my local meadow I saw many of them blowing in the breeze and wanted to learn more.
What is Fox-and-Cubs?
Fox-and-Cubs is a flowering plant that belongs to the daisy family (Asteraceae). Its colloquial name is derived from the resemblance of its orange flowers to the colors of a fox, while the seed heads resemble a cub’s fur. This plant typically blooms from late spring to early summer, producing clusters of bright, daisy-like flowers that attract pollinators such as bees and butterflies.
The plant can grow up to 30 centimeters tall and features lance-shaped leaves that form a rosette at the base. When in full bloom, the flower heads are composed of densely packed petals, creating a striking visual display that can brighten any garden bed or natural landscape.
The Plant of Many Names
This is one of those flowers that has picked up so many names. Some of them from its colour and some of then from legend. Let’s have a look at some:
Fox-and-Cubs
This is the most common name given to the plant, especially here in the UK. It is easy to see why when you look at them. The main flower when open is the orange of a fox whilst the flower is often surrounded by buds that are blood orange with black fuzzy hairs, the cubs.
Orange Hawkweed
The Fox and cubs is a plant that is one of the common varieties of Hawkweed, related to dandelions etc. This is why it is also known as Orange Hawkweed.
Devil’s Paintbrush
Another common name is the Devil’s Paintbrush. There are many reasons that the hawkweed could have picked up this name:
The bright orange, a colour of fire and hell, that stands out in the green grass. It is also an invasive and easy spreding plant that can take over gardens and verges, spreading its colour everywhere.
It could also be attached to another name it is known by which is…….
Grim-the-Collier
The debate of where Grim The Collier comes from rages on. What we do know is that there were ‘then famous’ plays written by unknown persons during the 16th centry that had a character called Grim The Collier. One was known as Grim The Collier of Croyden.
We know that the name Grim is often associated with an old Germanic Devil like god, Odin. In each of these plays a proverb was stated:
like will to like, quoth the devil to the collier
A simile coud have been created where the red flower being the devil and the buds, covered in black hairs were the coal or charcoal worker, covered in soot.
Origin and Habitat
Fox-and-Cubs is originally native to the cooler regions of Europe, particularly in the Alps and the Mediterranean areas. It has adapted well to a variety of habitats, including grasslands, rocky slopes, and disturbed areas such as roadsides and waste grounds.
The plant thrives in well-drained soils and can tolerate a range of pH levels, making it a resilient choice for gardeners. Plus an annoyance for those that don’t want them,
Fox-and-Cubs has spread beyond its native range, often becoming a popular choice in gardens across North America and other temperate regions. Its ability to naturalize in many environments has contributed to its widespread appeal, although care must be taken to prevent it from becoming invasive.
Identification
Physical Characteristics
The most distinguishing feature of Fox-and-Cubs is its vibrant orange flowers that bloom on sturdy, upright stems. Each flower head can measure up to 3 centimeters in diameter, comprised of several narrow petals that radiate from a central disk. The blooms typically appear in clusters, giving the plant a bushy appearance during its flowering season.
In addition to its flowers, the foliage of Fox-and-Cubs is notable. The leaves are usually dark green, lance-shaped, and can grow to lengths of 10-30 centimeters. They often have a slightly hairy texture, which helps in moisture retention. The plant’s seed heads are also distinctive, forming a fluffy, dandelion-like structure that disperses seeds easily in the wind when the flowers fade.
The Benefits of Fox-and-Cubs
Ecological Importance
Fox-and-Cubs can play a role in supporting local ecosystems. As a source of nectar, it attracts a variety of pollinators, including bees, butterflies, and other beneficial insects.
Additionally, Fox-and-Cubs can help improve soil health. Its presence encourages a diverse array of microorganisms in the soil, which can enhance overall fertility and structure. This natural process can be beneficial for gardeners seeking to create a healthy and sustainable growing environment.
How to Grow Fox-and-Cubs in Your Garden
Be aware that this wildflower can spread itself, be invasive and take over a garden rapidly if not watched. However its colour does appeal to many gardeners who want to incorporate a bright orange.
Ideal Growing Conditions
Fox-and-Cubs thrives in full sun to partial shade, making it a versatile choice for various garden settings. Ideally, the plant prefers well-drained soils rich in organic matter, which can be achieved by incorporating compost or aged manure into the planting site. While it can tolerate poor soil conditions, providing it with nutritious soil will promote healthier growth and more abundant blooms.
Watering is essential, particularly during the establishment phase. However, once established, Fox-and-Cubs is relatively drought-tolerant. It is crucial to avoid waterlogged conditions, as this can lead to root rot. A layer of mulch can also help maintain soil moisture and suppress weeds.
Planting and Care Tips
To plant Fox-and-Cubs, begin by selecting a sunny location in your garden. Prepare the soil by loosening it to a depth of approximately 15 centimeters and mixing in compost. Space the plants 30-45 centimeters apart to allow for their bushy growth. Plant in early spring or fall for optimal results.
Regular maintenance includes deadheading spent flowers to encourage further blooming and preventing the plant from spreading too aggressively. This can be particularly important in gardens where space is limited. Fertilising once in spring with a balanced fertilizer can also support growth, though it is not strictly necessary.
Maintaining Plant Health
To maintain the health of Fox-and-Cubs, it’s imperative to monitor environmental conditions regularly. Keeping an eye on moisture levels and soil health will promote vigorous growth. Weeding around the base of the plants can also help reduce competition for nutrients and water.
Additionally, consider dividing the plants every three to four years to promote vigorous growth and prevent overcrowding. This can be done in early spring or fall, and the divisions can be re-planted elsewhere in the garden, allowing you to propagate this charming wildflower.
Conclusion
Fox-and-Cubs is a stunning perennial that enhances gardens with its vibrant orange blooms while supporting local ecosystems as a vital source of nectar for pollinators.
This wildflower is adaptable to various growing conditions, making it a suitable choice for gardeners of all levels of experience. Understanding its physical characteristics, ecological benefits, and cultivation requirements will help gardeners to successfully grow this delightful plant.
FAQs
Is Fox-and-Cubs invasive?
Fox-and-Cubs can spread aggressively in some conditions, so it’s essential to monitor its growth and manage its spread to prevent it from becoming invasive in your garden.
Can Fox-and-Cubs be grown in containers?
Yes, Fox-and-Cubs can be grown in containers, but ensure that the pots have drainage holes and provide adequate space for the plants to grow.
What attracts pollinators to Fox-and-Cubs?
The bright orange flowers of Fox-and-Cubs are highly attractive to bees, butterflies, and other pollinators due to their vibrant color and nectar availability.
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